Static Electric Field

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电偶极子

当电偶极子置于x轴且p方向与x正方向相同时有:

均匀带电线/杆

库仑定律叠加

When z >> L, .

对应电场如下:

When z << L,

对应电场如下:

Gauss公式计算

取以无限长带电线为中心轴的圆柱面,由于导线无限长,因此通过上下圆柱面的电通量为0,只需计算侧圆柱面的电通量:

为在圆柱面内的带电线长度,为带电导线的电荷线密度。因此无限带电导线产生的电场强度大小只与距离有关。

Conductors

Property 1:

Property 2: The net charge inside the conductor is zero in everywhere. Charges only stay on the outer surface.

在导体内部任取小区域,根据公式得到:

Property 3:

Actually,

Property 4:

The smaller the radius of the conducting sphere, the larger is the electric field strength just outside its surface.

根据同一(连接)导体为等势体,列出电势等式后得到:

Conductors with Cavity

Conclusion

导体空腔内表面无净余电荷

  • Title: Static Electric Field
  • Author: zcyzzz
  • Created at : 2024-09-24 20:44:05
  • Updated at : 2024-10-13 12:21:23
  • Link: https://rockissleeping.github.io/2024/09/24/Gauss/
  • License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.